I. 7 LOẠI ĐẠI TỪ PHỔ BIẾN
1. Personal pronouns (Đại từ nhân xưng)
Ngôi
|
Chủ ngữ
|
Tân ngữ
| |
Số ít
|
Ngôi thứ nhất
Ngôi thứ hai
Ngôi thứ ba
|
I
You
He/She/It
|
Me
You
Him/Her/It
|
Số nhiều
|
Ngôi thứ nhất
Ngôi thứ hai
Ngôi thứ ba
|
We
You
They
|
Us
You
Them
|
Ví dụ:
- She went to the party with her mother.
S (chủ ngữ của động từ)
- I gave her a present on her birthday.
S O (tân ngữ trực tiếp của động từ)
- My mom bought me a watch on my 20th birthday.
S O (tân ngữ gián tiếp của động từ)
He can’t live without his smart phone.
S O (tân ngữ của giới từ)
2. Indefinite pronouns (Đại từ bất định)
some-
|
something, someone, somebody
|
Someone is knocking at the door.
|
any-
|
anything, anyone, anybody
|
Anyone can take part in the party.
|
every-
|
everything, everyone, everybody
|
Everybody needs air and water to live.
|
no-
|
nothing, no one, nobody
|
No one in our company works on Saturday.
|
Khác
|
all, one, none, another, each…
|
None of them was suitable for the job.
|
3. Possessive pronouns (Đại từ sở hữu)
Đại từ sở hữu được hình thành từ tính từ sở hữu. Đại từ sở hữu đứng độc lập, còn tính từ sở hữu đứng trước một danh từ / cụm danh từ.
Đại từ nhân xưng
|
Đại từ sở hữu
|
Tính từ sở hữu
|
I
|
mine
|
my
|
you
|
yours
|
your
|
he
|
his
|
his
|
she
|
hers
|
her
|
it
|
its
|
its
|
we
|
ours
|
our
|
they
|
theirs
|
their
|
Minh
|
Minh’s
|
Minh’s
|
Ví dụ:
Her handbag is much more expensive than mine.
(mine = my handbag => tránh lặp từ)
4. Reflexive pronouns (Đại từ phản thân)
Đại từ nhân xưng
|
Đại từ phản thân
|
I
|
myself
|
you
|
yourself / yourselves
|
he
|
himself
|
she
|
herself
|
it
|
itself
|
we
|
ourselves
|
they
|
themselves
|
Ví dụ: You should do the homework yourself.
5. Relative pronouns (Đại từ quan hệ)
Đại từ quan hệ được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ. (Đón đọc bài Ngày 27: Mệnh đề quan hệ)
Đại từ quan hệ
|
Chức năng trong câu
|
Ví dụ
|
Who
|
Chỉ người: S, O
|
The girl who is wearing the red shirt is my neighbor.
|
Whom
|
Chỉ người: O
|
The people whom my parents are talking to are my relatives.
|
Which
|
Chỉ người và vật: S, O
|
Did she take my computer which I put on the table?
|
Whose
|
Chỉ tính sở hữu: N whose N
|
Mr. David, whose son has just achieved the first prize in the last Math competition, is very proud of what his son has done.
|
That
|
Chỉ người và vật: S and O
|
I love eating fruits which are rich in vitamins.
|
6. Demonstrative pronouns (Đại từ chỉ định)
Đại từ chỉ định được hình thành từ các tính từ chỉ định. Đại từ chỉ định chính là tính từ chỉ định đứng độc lập, không có danh từ theo sau.
Tính từ chỉ định
|
Đại từ chỉ định
|
Đại từ chỉ định số nhiều
|
this
|
this
|
these
|
that
|
that
|
those
|
7. Interrogative pronouns (Đại từ nghi vấn)
Đại từ nghi vấn
|
Chức năng trong câu
|
Ví dụ
|
who
|
S, O
|
Who will cook lunch?
|
whose
|
S, O
|
Whose book did you borrow?
|
what
|
S, O
|
Which flight takes off first?
|
which
|
S, O
|
What kind of fast food do you like to eat?
|
II. LUYỆN TẬP
Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho mỗi câu dưới đây.
1. I have interviewed with twenty candidates for the vacant position, but _____ of them was actually a good fit.
A. most
B. neither
C. much
D. none
B. neither
C. much
D. none
2. Oakland is about to go bilingual, with two official languages, but _____ of them is English.
A. both
B. none
C. neither
D. either
B. none
C. neither
D. either
3. On some computers there are keys which can have as many as five different functions _____.
A. either
B. each
C. none
D. every
B. each
C. none
D. every
4. _____ argument could move _____ man from this decision.
A. No / either
B. Every / both
C. No / neither
D. Each / all
B. Every / both
C. No / neither
D. Each / all
5. _____ Peter _____ Michael come here quite often but _____ of them gives us help.
A. Both / and / either
B. Neither / nor / both
C. Both / and / neither
D. Either / or / all
B. Neither / nor / both
C. Both / and / neither
D. Either / or / all
6. He gave _____ of us advice about our present goals.
A. every
B. each
C. the whole
D. much
B. each
C. the whole
D. much
7. The Blues won the football match, but _____ players played well; In fact they _____ played quite badly.
A. each / each
B. neither of / both
C. all / all
D. none of the / all
B. neither of / both
C. all / all
D. none of the / all
8. There were _____ people on the beach, so we weren't completely alone.
A. a few
B. fewer
C. fewest
D. very little
B. fewer
C. fewest
D. very little
9. The two brothers got up at 8:30 that day. _____ of them were tired, because _____ of them had slept well.
A. Both / neither
B. Neither / neither
C. Either / none
D. None / either
B. Neither / neither
C. Either / none
D. None / either
10. Everyone should have a checkup with the dentist _____ six months.
A. another
B. each
C. every
D. all
B. each
C. every
D. all
Exercise 2: Điền đại từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống.
1. My name is John. ……………………… am a French.
a. I b. Me
a. I b. Me
2. My parents live in New York. We visit ……………………. often.
a. they b. them
a. they b. them
3. Let ……………………. help you drive the car.
a. I b. me
a. I b. me
4. Should ……………………. help you drive the car?
a. I b. me
a. I b. me
5. Can …………… show me where ………………. can find a good hotel in this city?
a. you, I b. you, me c. me, you
a. you, I b. you, me c. me, you
6. Jimmy should stay back after class. …………………. has volleyball practice.
a. He b. Him c. They
a. He b. Him c. They
7. That book is ……………………… It is not ………………….
a. my, your b. mine, yours c. my, yours
a. my, your b. mine, yours c. my, yours
8. This is ……………………. bag. That is ………………..
a. my, her b. my, hers c. mine, hers
a. my, her b. my, hers c. mine, hers
9. We can go to ………………… house or we can go to ………………..
a. our, your b. our, yours c. ours, yours
a. our, your b. our, yours c. ours, yours
10. My date is on 25th July and …………………. is on 1st August.
a. her b. hers c. she
a. her b. hers c. she
Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án đúng để tạo thành một bài IELTS Speaking Part 1 hoàn chỉnh.
Do you often (like to) listen to music? Or Do you like listening to music?
So far I haven’t met (1-anyone/ everyone/ no one) who dislikes listening to music. However, when the workload is too heavy (2-it/ it is/ that) requires me to stay highly focused, music is a huge distraction. Unlike (3-much/ more/ many) people who like listening to instrumental music because it highly benefits for (4-its/ his/ their) concentration and study, in my case the music makes (5-I/ myself/ me) feel instantly sleepy.
Exercise 4: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho mỗi chỗ trống để hoàn thành bài IELTS Writing task 1 hoàn chỉnh.
Secondary School Attendance
2000
|
2005
|
2009
| |
Specialist Schools
|
12%
|
11%
|
10%
|
Grammar Schools
|
24%
|
19%
|
12%
|
Voluntary-controlled Schools
|
52%
|
38%
|
20%
|
Community Schools
|
12%
|
32%
|
58%
|
The (1)…….illustrates the percentage of school children attending four different types of secondary school from 2000 to 2009. It is evident that whereas the community schools experienced a marked increase in the proportion of (2)………attending their institutions over the period, the (3)………saw a corresponding decline.
To begin, the percentage of pupils in voluntary-controlled schools fell from just over half to only 20% or one fifth from 2000 to 2009. Similarly, the relative number of (4)……….in grammar schools -- just under one quarter -- dropped by half in the same period. As for the specialist schools, the relatively small percentage of pupils attending this type of school (12%) also fell, although not significantly.
However, while the other three types of school declined in importance, the opposite was true in the case of community schools. In fact, while only a small minority of 12% were educated in these schools in 2000, (5)……figure increased to well over half of all pupils during the following nine years.
1 . A. pie chart B. flow chart C. table
2. A. those B. that C. this
3. A. other B. others C. another
4. A. child B. children C. childs
5. A. these B. following C. this
2. A. those B. that C. this
3. A. other B. others C. another
4. A. child B. children C. childs
5. A. these B. following C. this
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1
1D 2C 3B 4A 5C 6B 7D 8A 9A 10C
Exercise 2
1A 2B 3B 4A 5A 6A 7B 8B 9B 10B
Exercise 3
1. anyone
2. that
3. many
4. their
5. me
2. that
3. many
4. their
5. me
Exercise 4
1C 2A 3B 4B 5C
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